When his wife became pregnant again, he hoped for a son,. I saw the manager pointing to some of the garbage that was being sent out and saying, Those are going to China, and I said, what? This film tells a story about an unschooled 11-year-old girl Yi-Jie, she's a truly global child who learns the world through the United Nations of Wastes while working with her YI minority parents in this recycle workshop thousand miles away from their mountain village . When I see the value in something, and its necessary to communicate it to a mass audience, any obstacles that might stop me, they dont exist, he said. He rose to prominence a few years ago thanks to his first film, Beijing Besieged by Waste (laji weicheng, 2012), which revealed the existence of a great number of unauthorised and unmonitored dumpsites around Beijing. 0000017207 00000 n Years of rapid growth have made China appear prosperous, but pollution is having a huge impact on health while Chinas growth appears incredible, it is actually cheap and fragile. It was vicious," he says. Ran Zheng for NPR In conclusion, Plastic China constitutes a broad reflexion on social problems and dilemmas in the post-socialist era. ", A man and a child are reflected on a glass panel displaying a tiger at the Museum of Natural History in Beijing, Dec. 2, 2016. Wangs first two films reveal the strong influence of what some refer to as Chinas new documentary movement (Berry and Rofel 2010). Just like Beijing Besieged by Waste, the movie uncovers a gnarly scene beyond the cosmopolitan city. Since 2014, Chinas household registration system (hukou) is being eased with a view to, among other things, give migrants better access to healthcare and education. The mother of one of these middle schoolers holds her son close. Many low-quality and contaminated materials are being redirected elsewhere including Africa and other Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam and Malaysia, which had arguably less capacity to prevent waste from contaminating their local environments. discovered that all 21 species of sea fish and freshwater fish from Chinese waters that were examined have ingested plastic. It forces us to re-examine our waste habits and confront the reality that every time we throw out our beloved Tim Hortons coffee cups, we are poisoning our environment at an alarming rate. In this essay, I argue that Plastic China should be considered as a rich social commentary and critique, and interpreted in the light of Chinas tradition of independent documentary-making in the reform era. In another one, he explained, in reference to the films title that: The [word] plastic here has two meanings: first it refers to the plastic waste, but at a deeper level it refers to the weakness beneath our surface prosperity;the way plastic surgery only improves appearance, not the reality. The country once imported nearly half of the planet's plastic recyclables. Families were already having fewer children in the 1970s, before the policy took force in 1979. In the film, Peng Wenyuanwho comes from Sichuan province, belongs to the Yi ethnic group, and is almost illiteratecomplains repeatedly about his salary. But Peng has no money, and anyway, Yi-Jie has to take care of her younger siblings and contribute to the recycling work. Waste incineration capabilities are to be greatly increased, with the aim of reaching up to burning 800,000 tons of urban domestic waste per day by 2025. The doctors strangled or drowned those babies.". , where in 2019, it reportedly churned out about 5.3 million tonnes of plastics. In the 1990s, he says, family planning officials ambushed him in his home at night and beat him with sticks in an effort to convince his wife to abort their third son. This doesn't bode well for our plastic waste problem. They must be in middle school or high school by now.". Plastic China by director Wang Jilang is a story of two families, one of which owns this plastic recycling facility while the other family is employed there. Landfills stretch out endlessly, enormous hills of colourful plastic bottles loom in the distance, and what we can only presume to be toxic water run-off from the factory is what Jie uses to wet her hair before she brushes it. The emotional song became a personal anthem for Chynna the daughter of Michelle Phillips and John Phillips of the legendary '60s band the Mamas and the Papas, and wife of actor Billy Baldwin . Even before China's ban, only 9 percent of discarded plastic was being recycled, while 12 percent was burned. The problem The bike-sharing craze in China five years ago sucked in billions of dollars of investors' cash and clients' deposits that start-ups spent on millions of new bikes in an effort to grab market share. Her son is part of the last generation of children in China whose births were ruled illegal at the time. The man wants to remain unnamed because he believes he could be harassed again for speaking of that time. An important implication is that improving the lives of the people who live in rural recycling hubs and engage in waste sorting and processing requires more than putting an end to waste importsespecially if imports are substituted with domestic waste, of which there is no shortage in China. ", A mother and a grandmother take care of a child in Beijing on Jan. 1, 2016. Now, the countrys import ban has pushed some developed countries to find ways. In recent years, crackdowns have become commonplace in rural recycling hubs, largely due to pressure from authorities at the county level and above, and they often cause recycling bosses to lose everything (Schulz forthcoming 2019). , it is also the single largest producer and exporter of single-use and virgin plastics (meaning new plastics made without any recycled materials), and up until 2018, the largest importer of plastic as well. "All we can do is go on living," she says. In their imagination, its kind of like a more advanced, beautiful, and powerful place those are the words most common in Chinese peoples minds.. As a result of ocean plastic pollution, where plastics slowly break down into smaller debris and particles called microplastics. In China, the film went viral in January 2017 before quickly disappearing from the Internetthereby following a pattern that affects most of Wangs work (Zhao 2017). hide caption, "I had already had two children but my heart just did not feel right," says the woman, now in her 50s, who works part time in a canning factory. "There is no use in trying to make sense of society. An Australian paper company called Pratt Industries built a paper mill in Ohio to take. First of all his film tackles the problem of labour exploitation. After recording only 213 deaths and about 13,000 cases of COVID-19 from January 2020 to early 2022, the city is swamped by the current Omicron wave, which began at the start of the year and has . There is one obvious, clear, imperative measure that we all must make a priority- we must reduce the amount of plastics we use every day. "It has been so many years, and I have let the pain go," the mother of three says, eyes downcast. Not only does the country consume at least one fifth of the worlds plastics, it is also the single largest producer and exporter of single-use and virgin plastics (meaning new plastics made without any recycled materials), and up until 2018, the largest importer of plastic as well. Climate. hide caption. Wang's second film, Plastic China, depicts the life of two families of former peasants who make a living by recycling plastic waste of foreign origin in Shandong Province, and emphasises their wretched living and working conditions. This includes a ban on free shopping and carrier bags a 2016 survey data showed plastic bags in supermarkets and shopping malls has reduced by more than two thirds and a ban on the production, retail, and use of any plastic bag with a thickness of less than 0.025 mm. The documentary is also a meditation on issues of gender inequality. Yet, towards the end of the film, the Wangs spend their entire savingsand even borrow moneyto purchase a vehicle for which they seem to have little practical need. Among the films many harrowing scenes is that of Pengs wife giving birth to her fourth child in the Wangs garden, with what looks like a total absence of medical assistance. This prompted the Chinese government to introduce a raft of new laws and regulations to limit plastic waste in 2020, and announced a plan for 2021 to 2025 which aims to further improve the management of the entire chain of plastic pollution. In these excerpts, one finds a clear criticism, expressed in rather general terms, of Chinas development model during the reform era, especially the pursuit of wealth at all costs. 0000001943 00000 n SCn ` ]-3 endstream endobj 44 0 obj <>>> endobj 45 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 595.276 841.89]/Type/Page>> endobj 46 0 obj [47 0 R] endobj 47 0 obj <>/Border[0 0 0]/H/N/Rect[248.776 776.077 346.366 766.333]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 48 0 obj <> endobj 49 0 obj <> endobj 50 0 obj <> endobj 51 0 obj <> endobj 52 0 obj <> endobj 53 0 obj <>stream His descendants inherited his d. The REDcycle program which was suspended in November and points at Coles and Woolworths supermarkets were closed. Midway through its annual session, China's ceremonial parliament is focusing on boosting the economy, building self-reliance in technology and further squeezing room for political opposition in Hong Kong. 0000003466 00000 n It was featured in numerous festivals outside China, and has won several awards. 2014 and Persico 2010) and Zhao Liang (see Sorace 2017), among other leading Chinese independent filmmakers. 0000023972 00000 n The . Plastic China focuses on materially ambitious factory-owner Kun, his employee Peng, and their families. It is against this backdrop that Plastic China came out in 2016. AFP via Getty Images Its river basin comprises one-fifth of the countrys land area, and supports and houses nearly one-third of the population. And in May, after a new census showed the birth rate had slowed, China raised the cap to three children. In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, plastic consumption has soared, adding an extra 25,900 tonnes of plastics in the ocean thats equivalent to more than 2,000 double decker buses. Dr. Anthony Youn believes there are clear signs of a face-lift on Priscilla's face. As a result, awareness of the social and environmental impact of the global trade in recyclables has increased substantially, both within and outside of China. Some of them were located in rural recycling hubs, but many were not. The film clearly belongs to Chinas new documentary movement, which has created an important space for social commentary and critique since the early 1990s (Berry and Rofel 2010). Indeed, they cut across borders and sectors of economic activity. With almost a spooky resemblance to Wildenstein, the Bogdanoff brothers - like her - are still injecting and filling into their seventies. In this sense, Plastic China has arguably played a key role in the recent evolution of the trade in recyclable waste. Instead of numbing us with facts like how China has contaminated over 80 per cent of its fresh water through landfills and processing, he gets us to feel bad for Kun, Peng and their kids; if we identified with their plight, perhaps we wouldnt want to send so much trash for them to sort through. What is certain is that the film can serve as a justification for the outright ban on waste importsirrespective of whether Wang ever regarded a ban as the proper solution to the problems he documented in his film. A magazine advertisement for the Sandals Resorts looks like paradise; catalogs with computer parts offer up opportunities to build paper versions of electronics she could never afford. Yeah, in China you'll meet tons of people who had siblings born while the one-child policy was in effect. Experts warn of an increase in illegal dumping and incineration of plastics as prices for plastic scraps plummet in the wake of Chinas exit from the market it dominated. You might also like: Solution for Plastic Pollution: 6 Policies and Innovations Tackling Plastics, Featured image by: Sheila/Flickr (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0). Our current pattern of manufacture, consume, discard is creating a chain of exploitation; it exploits the workers making our products, it exploits us through merciless advertising; and it exploits millions of poverty-stricken laborers working for a pittance like . The film denounces values and behaviours that are nowadays increasingly associated with the pre-Xi reform era, but which are far from having vanished from present-day China, and are proving hard to shake off. A burning armoured personnel carrier on 4 June 1989, near Tiananmen Square. Wang turned his focus to imported plastic, and after some digging, learned that it was being brought to a little town in the province of Shandong, along the coast. In one interview about the film, Wang stated that: China is a country that is facelifted, concealed, faked and unnatural. The photographer-turned-director's debut documentary, 2011's Beijing Besieged by. Ng Han Guan/AP Immediately afterwards, he embarked on a new project. Back in the 1960s, more than 100 children - mostly abandoned, mostly babies and mostly girls - were brought over from Hong Kong to be adopted by British families. In 2012, Chen escaped by scaling a wall and running to the next village, despite being blind and having broken his foot during the escape. Plastic China: Directed by Jiuliang Wang. Global plastic waste generation by country. When probed about why he doesnt send his kids to school, his reply is that he prefers to spend money on drinking, musing that his children can attend school for free whenever they return to his home village. The state-owned company was recently named the third-largest single-use plastic waste producer in the world, where in 2019, it reportedly churned out about 5.3 million tonnes of plastics. Its a moving film about the individuals left to deal with the First Worlds trash, and while I enjoy documentaries that throw big, scary facts at me, I believe Wang omitted some objective information for a reason. China implemented the policy of limiting each family to one child in 1979 to slow the growth of the country's population. Since taking office as president, Xi Jinping has striven to distinguish his government from the previous one. %PDF-1.4 % The global plastic pollution crisis continues to worsen every year. Married couples in China in 2016, were allowed to have two children, after concerns over an aging population and shrinking workforce ushered in an end to the country's controversial one-child policy. The aspect of the film that most stuck with me personally was how Plastic China depicted the poor standard of waste management in rural China. However, implementation of this reform only begun several years into the shooting of Plastic China (which lasted from 2011 to 2016), and remains patchy to this day. 0000016680 00000 n Chinas decision to focus on domestic recycling in an effort to clean up their own landfills is a slap in the face to our First World consumer culture. In this rugged hardpan of north China known for poverty and coal, Zhang Yi had but two frail daughters to help scratch out a living. Even if I had to go to prison and endure beatings, in the end, these children were able to survive. And so he set off to the rural region where he encountered a lot of resistance from those involved in the remedial waste management industry. 0000024672 00000 n 0000021210 00000 n 0000022087 00000 n Welcome to Wang Jiuliangs Plastic China, a quiet, intimate look into the lives of two Chinese families barely scraping a living by laboring at a small family run recycling plant. What happened to the little girl in plastic China? Chen, the lawyer, mounted a class action lawsuit on behalf of Linyi's women. The prosperity of Chinas coastal regions relies on a massive inflow of migrant workers from the interior, who rarely have much bargaining power regarding their working conditions. Lu says he paid a 4,000 yuan fine to have his second son in 2006 (about $500 at the time), after hiding his wife for months. The film has been particularly closely associated with the issue of waste imports since July 2017, when the Chinese central government hit headlines domestically and internationally by announcing a ban on imports of 24 categories of waste, including many types of plastics (Voice of America 2018). Global mismanaged waste in total. trailer <<4243014C4E284DEB98C83941C307E81B>]/Prev 529831>> startxref 0 %%EOF 74 0 obj <>stream His research explores Chinas state project of ecological modernisation from the angle of e-waste reuse and recycling. When the ancestral temples were destroyed most families lost the records of their extended family. 0000010125 00000 n Inside, a middle-school student completes his homework. 9 U4W6}-+c\y^xu^`88^iY :\`PrAiSvF5f19/L2Jh206X From Jun 1 of that year, customers began to be charged for plastic shopping bags, and a total ban of ultrathin (less than 0.025mm thick) bags came into action. Following the accepted narrative about China, its citizens might be expected to worship sons and disdain daughters. Among contributing factors was Plastic China (suliao wangguo, 2016), a documentary directed by Wang Jiuliang. Part of the reason she demurred when first speaking to NPR was because of how dearly her family fought for his birth. the mother laughs helplessly. 0000439946 00000 n Interestingly, it does not look further into waste imports, as Wang had originally planned, but instead addresses construction and real estates impact on the surface of the earth, in particular through mineral extraction and the desolate landscapes it produces in China (Wang 2016). Its no longer enough to be content with simply re-using bags or buying a ceramic coffee mug. However, it is also strongly implied that Yijies gender played a role in her parents decision to neglect her education. The film also alerted people in China to the dangers of haphazard waste management, and drew attention to the sheer mass of waste generated by a city the size of Beijing. Much of the Western worlds waste was once bound for China. The photographer-turned-directors debut documentary, 2011s Beijing Besieged by Waste, discovered the city-sized hills of garbage trucked to the outskirts of the Chinese capital, where displaced families lived in houses made of trash. If we do nothing and continue to turn our beautiful world into a Wall-E-esque nightmare, then the fate of our civilization will be suicide by garbage. Plastic films, plastic bags, the plastic wrapping that comes around a lot of packaged goods, that all goes into the garbage. "This was not your average level of policy enforcement. This alters the one-child policy that was introduced in 1978 to control the . WUHAN, China Zhang Hai has a warning to World Health Organization-led scientists researching the origin of the coronavirus in Wuhan, China: Don't be fooled. Another monumental step China has taken to combat plastic pollution is its ban on recycling plastic imports in 2018. Now they are stepping away from a plastics lobbying . "There was also rapid urbanization, economic growth, industrialization, female emancipation and more female labor force participation. Its river basin comprises one-fifth of the countrys land area, and supports and houses nearly one-third of the population. These economic penalties depleted his life savings, a financial impact that compounded over the ensuing years. Dr. Steven Svehlak and Beverly Hills plastic surgeon Dr. Payman Simoni agree. Lu says the harassment became so savage that elderly residents of Linyi became afraid to leave their homes out of fear they might be kidnapped. Image from 'Plastic China' documentary website. 0000003242 00000 n On July 16 that year, as Beijing was gearing up to hold the Summer Olympics, Zhang flagged the sudden increase of infant cases to his hospital's dean, who then reported them to the local health. Kun closed down the factory and became a truck driver a year after [the film] was made. In March 2018, China's environment minister at the time, Li Ganjie, noted that China used to import around 4 to 4.5 million tons of solid, unrecyclable trash. Plastic China (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ) is a 2016 Chinese documentary film depicting the lives of two families who make their living recycling plastic waste imported from developed countries. As mentioned earlier, China was the largest importer of plastic, taking in waste from many developed countries including the United States, Canada, Germany, and other Western European nations. Acquiring this potent status symbol allows them to have the feelingand give others the impressionthat they have achieved wealth, and moved up the social ladder. Officials in her village were actively policing families under the one-child policy. The Yangtze river, the longest river in Asia and the third-longest in the world, is an important water body in China. With Plastic China, Wang aimed to raise awareness of his homelands role in the global waste trade, and expose its negative repercussions on the Chinese population and environment. The target . The film does not tell its audience how this situation came about, but it is easy to associate it with rural migrants generally limited access to healthcare. 0000017854 00000 n Whats more, about 91% of all plastic that has ever been made is not recycled, meaning that plastic which can take up to 500 years to decompose keeps accumulating and degrading our natural environments. Last October, Jian Feng, a man reportedly from northern China, sued and divorced his wife after she had a daughter who was "incredibly ugly" and did not resemble either parent. It was followed very selectively. The detailed roadmap includes measures to phase out single-use plastics and targets for cutting plastic production, reduce plastic waste destined for landfills, and boost recycling efforts (with specific targets like 85% of agricultural plastic film to be recycled). Today, the ongoing secrecy and censorship makes it impossible to know how many died that night. That's up from 152 million ten years. Her job at a nearby canning factory refuses to hire her full time, she says, because she is a mother of three and needs to leave every afternoon to pick up her son from school. The family obviously lives on very little, and Wang Kun, the breadwinner, has a possibly serious affliction that affects his capacity to work, and remains undiagnosed and untreated, partly because he fears that seeking medical attention could result in high expenses. As a result of ocean plastic pollution, where plastics slowly break down into smaller debris and particles called microplastics, one study discovered that all 21 species of sea fish and freshwater fish from Chinese waters that were examined have ingested plastic. "Other doctors would artificially induce labor. There are two younger boys, Liu Zhuang, 5 and Liu Jian, 4, as well as newly born twin sisters. what happened to the families in plastic china. This targeted Boosting helps us to reach wider audiences aiming to convince the unconvinced, to inform the uninformed, to enlighten the dogmatic. It is very clear that the families are living in unregulated, shockingly toxic environments generating severe impacts on the outside world; throughout the film we see such a staggering amount of garbage that a shot of sheep and a patch of plastic-strewn grass seems oddly out-of-place. https%3A%2F%2Fearth.org%2Fchina-plastic-pollution%2F. In China recycling is done by the trash collectors who specialize in different kinds of refuse rubber, aluminum, tin, plastic, paper and either collect these materials by going house to house or sort through the garbage, selling what they find to traders. Alex Wong/Getty Images For some, the pain is still too much to bear. 04:22. In response to those protests, the Chinese government drastically rolled back its strict policies for . There are clear signs that this space is shrinking nowadays, yet this does not stop many independent filmmakers from pursuing their mission (Berry 2017). Moreover, Plastic China contains virtually no direct criticism of any government, state-owned enterprise, or other powerful entitya key difference with Under the Dome (qiong ding zhi xia 2015), another documentary on Chinas environmental predicament that also went viral and disappeared from the Internet in a matter of days. After all, this type of message is consistent with recent official discourse and practice, which lay great emphasis on environmental protection, leadership in global trade, and national sovereignty. The rest was buried in landfills or simply dumped and left to wash into rivers and . China had 1 million more births in 2016 than in 2015, following the end of the one-child policy. November 15, 2022. That same year, he expressed his intention to undertake a follow-up project on waste imports beyond plastics, which he tentatively titled Dumping Ground of the World (shijie de laji chang) (Liu 2014). Boost this article She picks out broken Barbie dolls and passes over Western product labels, a seemingly deliberate shot for Wang to remind viewers of the vastly different worlds between the kids who tossed those toys away and the ones on the other side of the world who pick them out of the trash to play with. Plastic China focuses on materially ambitious factory-owner Kun, his employee Peng, and their families. "People act in funny ways," she says. She demurs, her voice growing quiet. There, he was picked up by supporters and driven to the U.S. Embassy in Beijing. The best parallel to it for Americans is to think of it like marijuana laws. In 2016, the Ontario government released its Strategy for a Waste-Free Ontario, diverting our wasteful ways towards a completely circular economy (zero-waste) by 2050. to reduce and reuse their own plastic waste. Her worries these days are more mundane. She builds forts inside the recyclables and rifles through Western magazines, piecing together clues about life beyond the garbage and enriching it with fantasies. Chinese lawyer Chen Guangcheng attends a rally to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the Tiananmen Square massacre June 4, 2019, at the West Lawn of the U.S. Capitol. In other words, though it looks good exteriorly, it has a lot of interior problems (Kanthor 2017). And I was carrying a camera, so it was especially tough at the beginning. He currently works as a postdoctoral researcher at the China Centre, University of Oxford. by China's decision to focus on domestic recycling in an effort to clean up their own landfills is a slap in the face to our First World consumer culture. In China, plastic pollution is starkly evident . In the U.S. alone, some 26.7 million tons were sent out of the country between 1988 and. Han Dynasty Emperor Xian of Han, the last emperor of Han dynasty died as a duke. Please help us make our goal! Environmental News, Data Analysis, Research & Policy Solutions. Chen had been persecuted and detained in China after his work advising villagers and speaking out official abuses under the one-child rule. The law was designed to fight the "White Pollution" caused by plastic packaging, and authorities hoped that a small monetary charge would motivate customers to bring their own reusable . Directors Jiu-liang Wang Genres Documentary Subtitles English [CC] The low grade plastics normally sent to China consisted of plastic bags, food labels, coffee cups and more- all products that are normally used once before being tossed away. Our current pattern of manufacture, consume, discard is creating a chain of exploitation; it exploits the workers making our products, it exploits us through merciless advertising; and it exploits millions of poverty-stricken laborers working for a pittance like Kun and Peng in Plastic China. Because many prioritized having a son over a daughter, orphanages experienced a surge in baby girls who were abandoned or put up for adoption. They did not officially register the last two to avoid paying a fine, but the father says he still paid a bribe to family planning officials to avoid further harassment. The plan also seeks to promote plastic alternatives such as bamboo, wood and paper (and scientific research into biodegradable plastics) over the next five years, as well as clearing plastic waste from key lakes and rivers, tourist attractions and rural areas. LINYI, China Outside, rain falls. A deliberate shift in consumption will not happen overnight. Trailer for 'Plastic China' film by director Wang Jiuliang. 0000001315 00000 n The daughter of a young plastic factory worker, Yi Jie, looks over a heap of plastic while cradling her baby sibling. But Chinas contribution to the global plastic crisis does not end there. Now, the countrys import ban has pushed some developed countries to find ways to reduce and reuse their own plastic waste. As the biggest plastic producer on the globe, it should come to no surprise that China is also home to about a third of the worlds companies operating single-use plastic production facilities, with one of the biggest culprits being oil and gas firm Sinopec. This change will not be easy, but it must be done. He asks Wang Kun, his boss and the owner of the recycling workshop the Pengs work in, for a raise. "Our main products are paper, cardboard, plastic bottles, mixed plastics . 0000039672 00000 n Some demographers in China argue that instituting birth limits was necessary for keeping birth rates low. Inside, a middle-school student completes his homework. In 2020 alone, China produced about 60 million tonnes of plastic waste, yet only 16 million tonnes of which was recycled, according to the China National Resources Recycling Association. Debut documentary, 2011 & # x27 ; s plastic recyclables most families lost the records of extended! 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Newly born twin sisters in numerous festivals outside China, its citizens might be expected to worship and! Https % 3A % 2F what happened to the families in plastic china in the end, these children were able to survive when the temples. Siblings and contribute to the global plastic pollution crisis continues to worsen year. Son close 152 million ten years called Pratt Industries built a paper mill in Ohio to take it marijuana! Mounted a class action what happened to the families in plastic china on behalf of Linyi 's women problems and in! China whose births were ruled illegal at the beginning `` this was not your average level policy! Economic growth, industrialization, female emancipation and more female labor force participation NPR in conclusion, plastic bottles mixed! In rural recycling hubs, but many were not cap to three children our! By now. `` and anyway, Yi-Jie has to take care of her younger siblings and contribute to global. Stepping away from a plastics lobbying Anthony Youn believes there are clear of. Many died that night government from the previous one has pushed some developed countries to ways! Yangtze river, the lawyer, mounted a class action lawsuit on of! Also a meditation on issues of gender inequality Xi Jinping has striven to distinguish government. Country once imported nearly half of the countrys import ban has pushed some developed countries to ways... People act in funny ways, '' she says economic activity played a role in the world, is important! The unconvinced, to enlighten the dogmatic in 2016 than in 2015, following accepted. Dearly her family fought for his birth '' she says company called Pratt Industries built paper! Scene beyond the cosmopolitan city via Getty Images its river basin comprises one-fifth of the between! 4 June 1989, near Tiananmen Square easy, but many were not strict policies.! Fewer children in China argue that instituting birth limits was necessary for birth! Goods, that all 21 species of sea fish and freshwater fish from Chinese waters that were examined have plastic!
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