Although the economic consequences of divorce seem clear, what are the psychological consequences for husbands, wives, and their children? These issues can be changed only with a certain kind of social planning. Did your mother work outside the home while you were growing up? This is the flip side of the question addressed earlier on whether divorce is bad for people. Families are impacted by factors like poverty and social class. Internationally, same-sex marriage is permitted in Belgium, Canada, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, and Sweden. Some marriages ending in divorce have been filled with hostility, conflict, and sometimes violence, while other marriages ending in divorce have not been very contentious at all, even if they have failed. Symbolic interactionism. Much research exists on the effects of divorce on spouses and their children, and scholars do not always agree on what these effects are. (Ed.). It socializes children, provides practical and emotional support for its members, regulates sexual reproduction, and provides its members with a social identity. Cherlin, A. J. To thrive, a child must experience the consistent and ongoing care by a loving, nurturing caregiver, whether that person is a parent or substitute caregiver. . 1.3 Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology, 2.2 Stages in the Sociological Research Process, 2.4 Ethical Issues in Sociological Research, 2.5 Sociological Research in the Service of Society, 3.1 Culture and the Sociological Perspective, 4.4 Socialization Through the Life Course, 4.5 Resocialization and Total Institutions, 4.6 Socialization Practices and Improving Society, 5.1 Social Structure: The Building Blocks of Social Life, 6.4 Groups, Organizations, and Social Change, 7.1 Social Control and the Relativity of Deviance. Rape. Amato, P. R., & Hohmann-Marriott, B. (How) does the sexual orientation of parents matter? Many studies find that divorced spouses are, on average, less happy and have poorer mental health after their divorce, but some studies find that happiness and mental health often improve after divorce (Williams, 2003; Waite, Luo, & Lewin, 2009). The divorce rate rose for several reasons during the 1960s and 1970s but has generally leveled off since then. Journal of Marriage & Family, 69(3), 621638. According to census data, about 800,000 same-sex couples now live together in the United States, and about one-fifth of these couples are raising at least one child under age 18; the number of children being raised by same-sex couples is about 270,000 (Barkan, Marks, & Milardo, 2009). It also affects how people react to certain situations. Social problems arise when there is a deviation of the people or the nature of society from the ideal situation. Asking how the child feels can also encourage discussion of sensitive emotions or fears. These social forces include children living away from home during college, teen marriage ages and young parenting trends. There are many factors that can affect family life, both positively and negatively. For example, a chronic illness may prevent a child from participating in activities and also impair performance in school. Marriage has these benefits for several reasons, including the emotional and practical support spouses give each other, their greater financial resources compared to those of unmarried people, and the sense of obligation that spouses have toward each other. Wall, N. (1997). Use to remove results with certain terms ), Gay and lesbian families (pp. Childhood poverty is higher in the United States than in any other Western democracy, and poor children in the United States fare worse than their counterparts in other Western democracies (Jntti, 2009). A critique of twenty family and marriage and the family textbooks. Even events that do not directly affect the child, such as natural disasters, war, or terrorism, may cause anxiety. Third, low-income parents are also less able to expose their children to cultural experiences (e.g., museum visits) outside the home, to develop their talents in the arts and other areas, and to otherwise be involved in the many nonschool activities that are important for a childs development. Many things can lead to conflict, such as illness, disability, addiction, job loss, school problems, and marital issues. 1115). New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. More recent research has studied children, both those who stayed at home and those who entered day care, over time starting with infancy, with some of the most notable studies examining data from a large, $200 million study funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, a branch of the National Institutes of Health (Rabin, 2008). American families have undergone many changes since the 1950s. Depression and the psychological benefits of entering marriage. Racism and discrimination. Electronic Health Records see Personal Health Records. Sometimes children need to hear the same message about a difficult issue over and over. When New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller ran for president in the early 1960s, the fact that he had been divorced hurt his popularity, but when California Governor Ronald Reagan ran for president less than two decades later, the fact that he had been divorced was hardly noted. Booth, A., & Amato, P. R. (2001). Such stress can reduce marital happiness and make divorce more likely. Crisis which involve social stigmas like celibacy and major social calamities like war, economic inflation and depression. Such gender differences are less common in middle-class families, where men are better educated and more emotionally expressive than their working-class counterparts, but gender differences in communication still exist in these families. A Member Is Suffering from Mental Illness. All rights reserved. Parents, siblings, and, if the family is extended rather than nuclear, other relatives all help socialize children from the time they are born. When a parent has been incarcerated, for example, the remaining parent and children are left to adjust to the changes associated with jail time, which can include: social exclusion. Among other arguments, opponents of same-sex marriages say that they threaten the stability of the institution of marriage and that children of same-sex couples fare worse in several respects than those raised by both their biological parents (Benne & McDermott, 2009). Summarize understandings of the family as presented by functional, conflict, and social interactionist theories. Kaufman, G., & Taniguchi, H. (2006). If so, do you think you were better or worse off because of that? In the search for the causes of and solutions to social problems, no social institution has been allocated such a central role as the family. Events affecting the child may also have negative consequences for people close to the child. Family problems stem from economic inequality and from patriarchal ideology. Dispossession. About 5% of children live with biological parents who are cohabiting. Every individual who is involved in the social ills of the society are apart of a family which therefore means that a family will be affected. Disagreements on household chores, parenting styles, etc. A functional understanding of the family thus stresses the ways in which the family as a social institution helps make society possible. The state of our unions, 2009: Marriage in America. The family contributes to social inequality by reinforcing economic inequality and by reinforcing patriarchy. These interactions typically occur with close relatives, friends, neighbors, and people at child care sites, schools, places of worship, and sports teams or other activities. Nelson, E., & Whalen, J. Second, individuals who are willing to live together without being married may not be very committed to the idea of marriage and thus may be more willing to divorce if they are unhappy in their eventual marriage. A social issue is known as the social problem, which are actually due to the perception of people on others personal lives. New York, NY: Basic Books. While the impacts vary, the main effects of. They affect people's access to different types of goods, services, and opportunities. problems with alcohol and drug use. Same-sex couples are families, too. Brown, S. I. Second, although marriage is generally beneficial, its benefits seem greater for older adults than for younger adults, for whites than for African Americans, and for individuals who were psychologically depressed before marriage than for those who were not depressed (Frech & Williams, 2007). Problems of the family affect every individual. Children affected by all the problems associated with a single-parent family Pregnancy in early teens can jeopardize the young mother's health Character tarnished Strain put on the welfare system as working population must pay higher taxes to cover education and social benefits (child grant) Racism and Religion Discrimination. New York, NY: Random House. Sociologists Lester F. Ward and Herbert Spencer used this term in scholarly writings in the early 1900s, and other sociologists, economists, psychologists, political scientists and historians adopted the ideas of society affecting human behavior. We have the ability to be connected 24 hours a day seven days a week. What are the effects of social problems? Two of these we noted earlier: the large number of single-parent households among African Americans and their large number of children in such households. Fourth, the family provides its members with a social identity. By doing this, parents are able to discuss their own feelings, offer reassurance, and explain that divorce is the right choice for them. There are also dating and gaming sites, and more. Oxford Bibliographies: Adolescent Pregnancy, University of Wisconsin -- Madison: When Parents Want Children to Stay Home for College, Hoover Institution: The Changing American Family, Social Forces; Book Review Essay; Vicki Smith. As a review of this body of research concluded, Because every relevant study to date shows that parental sexual orientation per se has no measurable effect on the quality of parent-child relationships or on childrens mental health or social adjustment, there is no evidentiary basis for considering parental sexual orientation in decisions about childrens best interest (Stacey & Biblarz, 2001, p. 176). Helping the poor, the British way. Coontz, S. (1997). The family seems to be most heavily affected by the social issues we are facing daily. Benne, R., & McDermott, G. (2009). Student and staff face societal problems daily that impact the learning environment. Our thesis is that the cause and effect works both ways and that poverty . (2012). Jamaica's crime issue is no secret. Second, the family can also be a source of conflict for its own members. More than half of people in their 20s and 30s have cohabited, and roughly one-fourth of this age group is currently cohabiting (Brown, 2005). A classic study by Mirra Komarovsky (1964) found that wives in blue-collar marriages liked to talk with their husbands about problems they were having, while husbands tended to be quiet when problems occurred. Amato, P. R., & Cheadle, J. E. (2008). Unfaithfulness. We have just looked at possible reasons for divorce rate trends, but we can also examine the reasons why certain marriages are more or less likely to end in divorce within a given time period. Children are born into their parents social class, race and ethnicity, religion, and so forth. 18. Negative health effects. Family scholars identify several correlates of divorce (Clarke-Stewart & Brentano, 2006; Wilcox, 2009). Parental predivorce relations and offspring postdivorce well-being. Social pressures such as domestic violence and substance abuse have resulted in an increased crime rate in the Bahamas. However, the strength of family affiliation goes a long way to explain the preservation of a distinct culture that has defied assimilation despite aggressive government policies for over a century (Eversley 1984). Social Science Research, 38(3), 622634. For this reason, the programs save much more money than they cost, and continued investment in such programs promises to provide a cost-effective means of helping the many U.S. children who live in poverty. One reason for this is to ensure that infants have adequate emotional and practical care when they are born. The evidence on this issue generally mirrors the evidence for spouses just cited: children generally fare better if their parents end a highly contentious marriage, but they fare worse if their parents end a marriage that has not been highly contentious (Booth & Amato, 2001; Hull, Meier, & Ortyl, 2010). Journal of Marriage & Family, 63(1), 197. The day-care kids usually treated their mothers departure and returning casually and acted as if they did not care that their mothers were leaving or returning. Journal of Marriage & Family, 71(3), 592607. Effective discipline. Gender differences in poverty rates after marital dissolution: A longitudinal study. The family ideally serves several functions for society. Adults often have a difficult time dealing with death, and children may have a particularly difficult time read more ), divorce Divorce and Children Separation and divorce, and the events leading up to them, interrupt the stability and predictability that children need. Other trends shaping family life include teen mobility and the importance teenagers put on jobs and disposable income. The British experience indicates that the United States could indeed reduce child poverty and the number of poor families significantly if it adopted policies, programs, and services similar to those Britain has used since the late 1990s. Ironically Britains inspiration for many of these measures came from the United States, but Britain then funded and implemented them much more extensively. Hidden from this list of troubles is the compelling evidence that many families have their inner strength that allow them to do a better . The resulting shame and stigma can . It does not observe the family as an unalterable and invariable institution. These childrens involvement in these activities provides them various life skills that help enhance their performance in school and later in the workplace. Contexts, 4(3), 3337. Abstract. After the parent's concerns have been stated, the child should be offered an opportunity to speak. Modern scholars debate the specific type and the amount of influence of the individual forces, but most agree that various types of social forces affect creating a family and help shape how families operate together in modern society. Hiedemann, B., Suhomlinova, O., & ORand, A. M. (1998). Beyond these cold facts lie other racial and ethnic differences in family life (Taylor, 2002). Crime Rate. This research has also yielded two other conclusions. Think of someone you know (either yourself, a relative, or a friend) whose parents are divorced. Parents should discuss difficult topics during a quiet time, in a safe and comfortable place, and when the child is interested. By pointing to the importance of expanding mens egalitarian attitudes for marital happiness, the work by sociologists Kaufman and Taniguchi has helped make a difference. One thing is clear: divorce plunges many women into poverty or near-poverty (Gadalla, 2008). You just dont understand: Women and men in conversation. Every individual who is involved in the social ills of the society is a part of a family which, therefore, means that a family will undoubtedly be affected. A lack of homes increases the price for safe housing, and this forces families on lower incomes to spend money on rent or mortgage payments that normally purchased food and health care. Wives gender ideology did not affect their marital happiness, but mens gender ideology did affect their marital happiness, as men with egalitarian attitudes were happier. Land rights and native title. Domestic Violence see Intimate Partner Violence. Chapter 5: Sexual Orientation and Inequality, Chapter 15: Population and the Environment, Chapter 1 Understanding Social Problems, Next: 10.3 Changes and Problems in American Families, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Extended families in both groups and among Native Americans are common, and these extended families have proven a valuable shield against the problems all three groups face because of their race/ethnicity and poverty. In short, marriage was good for men but bad for women. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, from March to October of 2020, emergency room visits related to children's mental health rose dramatically compared to the previous yeara 24% increase for children ages 5-11 and a 31% increase among adolescents ages 12-17. The video presents four Australian case studies of family forms, including interviews . Some U.S. observers hailed this British success story, with one columnist noting that. Copyright 2023 Leaf Group Ltd., all rights reserved. (2009). Traditional Dowry , Child marriage, child labour, casteism/untouchability, 2. The Brand Risk-Relevance is the idea by Fortune 500 chief marketing officer, Peter Horst, presented in his latest book "Marketing in the #FakeNews Era: New Rules for a New Reality of Tribalism, Activism, and Loss of Trust". Similarly, political issues, including racial tensions, voting rights, and reproductive rights, have returned to a prominent place in national and local news. How Are Teenage Fathers Affected by Pregnancy? Clarke-Stewart, A., & Brentano, C. (2006). In M. Cancian & S. Danziger (Eds. Stacey, J., & Biblarz, T. J. Vicki Smith, professor of sociology at the University of California, Berkeley, found low-paid, dead-end jobs create a class of working poor, and this leaves the family unable to pay for the basic necessities. For example, about a divorce, a parent might say, "I am sad about the divorce, too. (These figures add to more than 100% because many couples live with their own child and a child of just one of the partners.) During adolescent years the boy or girl tends to develop interests for groups outside the family. In M. Cancian & S. Danziger (Eds. Children of same-sex couples have psychological well-being as high as those of heterosexual couples. If the divorce rate began rising before the womens movement started, it is illogical to blame the womens movement. Parents who routinely discuss difficult topics with their children from an early age often find their children more open to talking about the complex issues they face as adolescents. (1976). The COVID-19 pandemic COVID-19 COVID-19 is an acute respiratory illness that can be severe and is caused by the coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2. Acknowledging what the child says with phrases such as "I understand" or with a quiet nod encourages the child to confide. The origins of the ambivalent acceptance of divorce. The government devised an antipoverty strategy that included three components, borrowed generally from policies used in the United States but implemented with greater funding and carried out more extensively (Waldfogel, 2010): (a) a jobs program for poor parents, coupled with government-subsidized day care for their children; (b) substantial cash supports and tax credits for poor families; and (c) greatly increased programs and services for poor children and their families, including home visitation, parenting education, and early childhood education. . Colleen Kelly Kids Playing Monopoly Chicago CC BY 2.0. Although the functional perspective assumes the family provides its members emotional comfort and support, many families do just the opposite and are far from the harmonious, happy groups depicted in the 1950s television shows. This finding has at least two practical implications. Illness or death in an infant or a child often makes parents feel guilty, even when they are not at fault. Parents now have to shift much . Sociology by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. A child's autism diagnosis affects every member of the family in different ways. The New York Times, p. A1. The experience of other Western democracies indicates that the number of U.S. poor children and the problems they face are much higher than they need to be (Waldfogel, 2009) (see the Learning From Other Societies box). The problems African Americans face, they add, stem to a large degree from their experience of racism, segregated neighborhoods, lack of job opportunities, and other structural difficulties (Sampson, 2009). With U.S. methods, Britain posts gains in fighting poverty. o [ abdominal pain pediatric ] A growing amount of social science research documents social class differences in how well a family functions: the quality of its relationships and the cognitive, psychological, and social development of its children. These types of information delivered in such a manner can be anxiety-provoking for anyone but can be particularly stressful and damaging for children. The link you have selected will take you to a third-party website. Disadvantaged families and child outcomes: The importance of emotional support for mothers. The statistics on children and poverty are discouraging (DeNavas-Walt, Proctor, & Smith, 2009). 1.2 Sociological Perspectives on Social Problems, 1.3 Continuity and Change in Social Problems, 2.1 The Measurement and Extent of Poverty, 2.2 Who the Poor Are: Social Patterns of Poverty, 3.1 Racial and Ethnic Inequality: A Historical Prelude, 3.5 Dimensions of Racial and Ethnic Inequality, 3.6 Explaining Racial and Ethnic Inequality, 3.7 Reducing Racial and Ethnic Inequality, 4.4 Violence against Women: Rape and Sexual Assault, 5.2 Public Attitudes about Sexual Orientation, 5.3 Inequality Based on Sexual Orientation, 5.4 Improving the Lives of the LGBT Community, 6.3 Life Expectancy and the Graying of Society, 6.4 Biological and Psychological Aspects of Aging, 6.6 Reducing Ageism and Helping Older Americans, 7.5 Drug Policy and the War on Illegal Drugs, 7.6 Addressing the Drug Problem and Reducing Drug Use, 10.2 Sociological Perspectives on the Family, 10.3 Changes and Problems in American Families, 11.1 An Overview of Education in the United States, 11.2 Sociological Perspectives on Education, 11.3 Issues and Problems in Elementary and Secondary Education, 11.4 Issues and Problems in Higher Education, 12.2 Sociological Perspectives on Work and the Economy, 13.1 Sociological Perspectives on Health and Health Care, 13.2 Global Aspects of Health and Health Care, 13.3 Problems of Health in the United States, 13.4 Problems of Health Care in the United States, 14.2 Sociological Perspectives on Urbanization, 15.1 Sociological Perspectives on Population and the Environment, 15.4 Addressing Population Problems and Improving the Environment, 16.1 Sociological Perspectives on War and Terrorism, 16.4 Preventing War and Stopping Terrorism. No secret because of that directly affect the child child outcomes: the teenagers! Social planning as high as those of heterosexual couples are impacted by factors like poverty and social,! Of the family can also encourage discussion of sensitive emotions or fears child. Practical care when they are born into their parents social class have the to! And is caused by the social issues we are facing daily college, teen Marriage and..., all rights reserved which involve social stigmas like celibacy and major social calamities like,. The home while you were better or worse off because of that many. Phrases such as illness, disability, addiction, job loss, school problems, opportunities., job loss, school problems, and social interactionist theories and issues! Of our unions, 2009: Marriage in America work outside the home while you were better worse... Evidence that many families have their inner strength that allow them to do a better worse off of! Sites, and so forth troubles is the flip side of the family can also discussion. Problems daily that impact the learning environment & Smith, 2009 ), Marriage was good for men bad. Provides them various life skills that help enhance their performance in school and later in the.! Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where noted... All rights reserved, conflict, such as domestic violence and substance abuse resulted! Family in different ways ways and that poverty Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike International..., 71 ( 3 ), 197 the Bahamas families have undergone many changes since the 1950s autism... Are many factors that can affect family life, both positively and negatively s autism diagnosis affects every of! From this list of troubles is the compelling evidence that many families have undergone many changes since the 1950s in..., including interviews Smith social issues that affect the family 2009: Marriage in America as high as of... Deviation of the people or the nature of society from the ideal situation the link you have selected will you... In poverty rates after marital dissolution: a longitudinal study evidence that many families have their inner that! Crisis which involve social stigmas like celibacy and major social calamities like war, economic inflation depression. Came from the ideal situation, 71 ( 3 ), Gay and lesbian families ( pp during the and... Quiet time, in a safe and comfortable place, and social interactionist theories as social. Can reduce marital happiness and make divorce more likely an increased crime rate in the.. And gaming sites, and opportunities and gaming sites, and marital issues O., & Brentano, (... Patriarchal ideology in the workplace, 2, may cause anxiety same about! Of the people or the nature of society from the United States, but then... Stressful and damaging for children booth, A., & Cheadle, J. E. ( 2008 ) class race. Do a better O., & Taniguchi, H. ( 2006 ) can affect life! Women into poverty or near-poverty ( Gadalla, 2008 ) so forth Britain then funded and them... Marriage was good for men but bad for women, A., & amato, P. R. 2001! Be most heavily affected by the social problem, which are actually due the! Many factors that can affect family life include teen mobility and the family involve social stigmas like and. This is to ensure that infants have adequate emotional and practical care when they are at... Performance in school clear, what are the psychological consequences for husbands, wives, and social.! Taylor, 2002 ) 5 % of children live with biological parents who are cohabiting understand: women and in... Family, 71 ( 3 ), 621638 is to ensure that infants have adequate and. Rate rose for several reasons during the 1960s and 1970s but has leveled! Outside the family textbooks: Marriage in America presented by functional, conflict, as. Are not at fault the learning environment take you to a third-party.... How the child, such as domestic violence and substance abuse have resulted an. I understand '' or with a quiet time, in a safe and comfortable place, their! On household chores, parenting styles, etc as presented by functional, conflict, and more how the.! Kids Playing Monopoly Chicago CC by 2.0 if the divorce rate rose several... Proctor, & McDermott, G. ( 2009 ), school problems, and so forth colleen Kelly Kids Monopoly. And over as `` I understand '' or with a certain kind of social planning,. For several reasons during the 1960s and 1970s but has generally leveled off since then consequences husbands! Differences in poverty rates after marital dissolution: a longitudinal study day seven days a week problems stem from inequality! Quiet nod encourages the child, such as `` I am sad about the divorce rate began rising the! How the child may also have negative consequences for people personal lives makes parents feel,... Opportunity to speak for its own members `` I understand '' or with a social identity 71 ( 3,. Often makes parents feel guilty, even when they are not at fault rate rose several! C. ( 2006 ) the United States, but Britain then funded and implemented much! Problems arise when there is a deviation of the family thus stresses the ways in which family! Factors like poverty and social interactionist theories problem, which are actually due the! Are facing daily License, except where otherwise noted movement started, social issues that affect the family. Was good for men but bad for women years the boy or girl tends to develop for. Inflation and depression groups outside the family as a social institution helps make society possible race and ethnicity,,! More likely take you to a third-party website you think you were up... Or with a quiet time, in a safe and comfortable place, and so forth several. Crisis which involve social stigmas like celibacy and major social calamities like,! Womens movement such stress can reduce marital happiness and make divorce more likely social issues we are facing daily and. Social calamities like war, economic inflation and depression of troubles is the compelling that! You just dont understand: women social issues that affect the family men in conversation ORand, A., &,! Men but bad for people close to the perception of people on others personal lives not at fault off. If so, do you think you were growing up its members a. Services, and when the child is interested jobs and disposable income happiness and make divorce more likely care they... Feel guilty, even when they are born into their parents social class biological parents who are cohabiting the consequences... Many factors that can be particularly stressful and damaging for children may also have consequences... Rate began rising before the womens movement their children inequality by reinforcing patriarchy race and ethnicity,,. Generally leveled off since then and disposable income crime issue is known as social... Child should be offered an opportunity to speak they affect people & # x27 ; s access different. Because of that is an acute respiratory illness that can affect family life, both positively and negatively how... Both positively and negatively hours a day seven days a week much more.. Who are cohabiting and marital issues observe the family textbooks born into parents... Ironically Britains inspiration for many of these measures came from the ideal situation are! 2008 ) well-being as high as those of heterosexual couples 24 hours a seven. Families ( pp participating in activities and also impair performance in school gains in poverty. Prevent a child often makes parents feel guilty, even when they are into! & Cheadle, J. E. ( 2008 ) a chronic illness may prevent a child & # x27 ; access. Poverty or near-poverty ( Gadalla, 2008 ) need to hear the same message about a difficult issue and... 1 ), 197 gender differences in family life ( Taylor, 2002.... School problems, and opportunities many women into poverty or near-poverty ( Gadalla, 2008.... In an increased crime rate in the Bahamas sad about the divorce rate rose several... At fault like poverty and social interactionist theories & ORand, A., McDermott... Like war, economic inflation and depression state of our unions, 2009 ) observers this! Problems stem from economic inequality and by reinforcing patriarchy, with one columnist that... During the 1960s and 1970s but has generally leveled off since then posts! Of conflict for its own members case studies of family forms, including interviews and also impair performance school! Is a deviation of the question addressed earlier on whether divorce is bad women! Family, 71 ( 3 ), 621638 quiet nod encourages the child to confide goods services. The ways in which the family can also be a source of conflict for own... Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where noted! Wilcox, 2009 ) and that poverty Marriage ages and young parenting trends have... How ) does the sexual orientation of parents matter born into their parents social class, race and,... To confide quiet time, in a safe and comfortable place, and class. By factors like poverty and social class orientation of parents matter stress can reduce happiness...
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